Salinity is one of the most important factors limit economic exploitation of the land for agricultural crops. Benefits of the seed preparation are included enhancing the plant resistance at salt and drought areas, increasing the seed yield with low viability, breaking dormancy and also increasing crop. Ascorbic acid is one of the most important herbal antioxidant which plays an important role in processes such as cell growth and cell division, metabolism reactions at the time of germination; remove cellular toxicity, cell protection of oxidative reactions and preventing cell death. The results showed that the salt causes to reduce the growth of germination components. On the other hand the interaction between ascorbic acid and salinity on seed germination, rootlet dry weight, shoot length, uniformity of germination and germination rate is significant at the 1% level. But it was observed no significant effect on shoot dry weight and rootlet length. The results of mean comparison at different levels of ascorbic acid showed that the increasing of ascorbic acid increased the germination of soybean and improvement of germination elements at salinity.

To study the effects of Drought stress on the germination of zea mayz cultivars, a test was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in Biotechnology Laboratory of Ardabil Islamic Azad University in 2012. In this experiment, the first factor, were Drought concentrations and the second were cultivars. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of one percent between the experimental conditions and studied genotypes, in terms of all parameters measured. Finally, the results indicated the superiority of the cultivar Tabas in terms of all germination indices and study on the Drought concentrations, showed that water in normal conditions had the highest average in all of index apart from the average index during germination.

Salicylic Acid known as a Signal Molecule pretreatment, has a key role in the defensive responses to both environmental and non environmental tensions and it is shown that suitable density of foreign Salicylic Acid will cause increase in efficiency of antioxidant plant system . In this research, from pretreatment 100 micromole per liter and for 2 days long , Salicylic Acid in treatment plants and under Dryness Tension caused by the (PEG) 15.4% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG ) in hydroponic environment , was used and the role of Salicylic Acid (SA) to some biochemical responses was studied and checked , too. The data of this study showed that Salicylic Acid (SA) pretreatment caused a meaningful decrease in Lipid per oxidation and increase in membrane resistance index in plants under dryness tension. In plants under tension, caused the increase in the amount of Proline and chlorophyll as well. It seems that safeguards effects of Salicylic Acid (SA) in tension conditions may be related to the ability of this material confronting Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction in Oxidative damages and the increase amount of chlorophyll.

Soybean is the third important oil plant in the world. The sensitivity to salinity at the germination stage is known as the main obstacle of desirable establishment of the plant in the fields. To this aim an experiment in a greenhouse in a random factorial block design was done. The experiment was repeated three times. The first stress factor was in the five levels (1- Control, 2- 50 mM, 3- 75 mM, 4- 100 mM and 5- 150 mM) and the second genotypes factor included (1: L17 2: Zaan and 3: 033). At the end of the growth stage, the Proline of air organs was measured. Results showed that the amount of proline of Zaan genotype with the average of 0.7367 gets the maximum value. The results showed that salinity stress increases the proline. The increase of proline with salinity increase shows the importance of the osmotic balance in low water potential condition. In general the results of the experiments showed that increase in production of proline - as an osmotic regulatory mechanism for survival in high salinity levels- can lead to reduced growth of the seedling.

There have been relatively few studies of marine fish, perhaps because contaminated discharges generally receive much greater dilution in salt waters than in fresh waters, a fact that probably discouraged an early search for effects in the sea. Mercury a highly toxic metal, results in a variety of adverse health effects. Due to wide use of mercury in agriculture, industrial, medical and other fields, its exposure is cannot be avoided. The toxicity of mercury depends greatly on the forms of the mercury compounds (elemental, inorganic and organic). Excessive levels of mercury in the marine environment can affect marine biota and pose risk to human consumers of seafood. Hence, mercury compounds found in the marine environment pose risk to human health through the consumption of contaminated seafood. Accordingly, it is desirable to minimize such exposure to levels that do not cause adverse effects. In an attempt to define and measure the effect of pollutants on an ecosystem, biomarkers have attracted a lot of interest. The underlying principle of the biomarker approach is the analysis of an organism’s physiological or biochemical response to pollutant exposure. Mercury induced oxidative stress; make an important contribution to molecular mechanism for liver injury, thus enzymatic biomarkers is proved to be suitable biomarkers in mercury studies. The measurement of biochemical and physiological parameters is a diagnostic tool commonly used in aquatic toxicology and biomonitoring, so Hematological and immunological parameters are suitable biomarkers in mercury studies. During stress, fish respond in a number of ways in order to regain homeostasis and two important physiological processes which are modulated when fish are exposed to stress, are hormonal status and immune function, Therefore, alterations in specific hormonal functions and consequent biochemical effects may constitute important stress biomarkers. One of the great advantages of using histopathological biomarkers in environmental monitoring is that this category of biomarkers allows examining specific target organs, which are responsible for vital functions in the fish.